Understanding Black Values: Flat Black vs. Rich Black

Black is not always just black in commercial printing.

There are different ways to build black using CMYK values.

What is flat black?

Flat black uses only black ink:

Cyan: 0%
Magenta: 0%
Yellow: 0%
Black: 100%

This is the black value specified in StationeryHQ's general file setup guidelines.

It is particularly important for small text and fine details because using additional ink colors can make registration variations more noticeable.

What is rich black?

Rich black combines black ink with additional cyan, magenta, and yellow to create a deeper-looking black in certain printing workflows.

However, excessive ink coverage can cause printing problems.

StationeryHQ's general guidelines specify that black and other heavily saturated colors must remain below a combined CMYK value of 240%.

For example:

C40 + M50 + Y50 + K100 = 240%.

Always follow StationeryHQ's stated limit and the instructions for your particular product.

What is registration black?

Registration black typically uses 100% of all four CMYK colors. It is intended for certain printing marks and production purposes, not ordinary design elements.

Avoid using registration black for normal text or artwork.